Source code for openquake.cat.utils

# ------------------- The OpenQuake Model Building Toolkit --------------------
# Copyright (C) 2022 GEM Foundation
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
# later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
# details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
# coding: utf-8

"""
Module :mod:`openquake.cat.utils` contains tools for working with catalogue
files
"""

import os
import math
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

MARKER_NORMAL = np.array([0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181,
                          212, 243, 273, 304, 334])

MARKER_LEAP = np.array([0, 31, 60, 91, 121, 152, 182,
                        213, 244, 274, 305, 335])

SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86400.0


def _prepare_coords(lons1, lats1, lons2, lats2):
    """
    Convert two pairs of spherical coordinates in decimal degrees
    to numpy arrays of radians. Makes sure that respective coordinates
    in pairs have the same shape.
    """
    lons1 = np.array(np.radians(lons1))
    lats1 = np.array(np.radians(lats1))
    assert lons1.shape == lats1.shape
    lons2 = np.array(np.radians(lons2))
    lats2 = np.array(np.radians(lats2))
    assert lons2.shape == lats2.shape
    return lons1, lats1, lons2, lats2


[docs] def decimal_year(year, month, day): """ Allows to calculate the decimal year for a vector of dates (TODO this is legacy code kept to maintain comparability with previous declustering algorithms!) :param year: year column from catalogue matrix :type year: numpy.ndarray :param month: month column from catalogue matrix :type month: numpy.ndarray :param day: day column from catalogue matrix :type day: numpy.ndarray :returns: decimal year column :rtype: numpy.ndarray """ marker = np.array([0., 31., 59., 90., 120., 151., 181., 212., 243., 273., 304., 334.]) tmonth = (month - 1).astype(int) day_count = marker[tmonth] + day - 1. dec_year = year + (day_count / 365.) return dec_year
[docs] def leap_check(year): """ Returns logical array indicating if year is a leap year """ return np.logical_and((year % 4) == 0, np.logical_or((year % 100 != 0), (year % 400) == 0))
[docs] def decimal_time(year, month, day, hour, minute, second): """ Returns the full time as a decimal value :param year: Year of events (integer numpy.ndarray) :param month: Month of events (integer numpy.ndarray) :param day: Days of event (integer numpy.ndarray) :param hour: Hour of event (integer numpy.ndarray) :param minute: Minute of event (integer numpy.ndarray) :param second: Second of event (float numpy.ndarray) :returns decimal_time: Decimal representation of the time (as numpy.ndarray) """ tmonth = month - 1 day_count = MARKER_NORMAL[tmonth] + day - 1 id_leap = leap_check(year) leap_loc = np.where(id_leap)[0] day_count[leap_loc] = MARKER_LEAP[tmonth[leap_loc]] + day[leap_loc] - 1 year_secs = (day_count.astype(float) * SECONDS_PER_DAY) + second + \ (60. * minute.astype(float)) + (3600. * hour.astype(float)) decimal_time = year.astype(float) + (year_secs / (365. * 24. * 3600.)) decimal_time[leap_loc] = year[leap_loc].astype(float) + \ (year_secs[leap_loc] / (366. * 24. * 3600.)) return decimal_time
[docs] def haversine(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2, radians=False, earth_rad=6371.227): """ Allows to calculate geographical distance using the haversine formula. :param lon1: longitude of the first set of locations :type lon1: numpy.ndarray :param lat1: latitude of the frist set of locations :type lat1: numpy.ndarray :param lon2: longitude of the second set of locations :type lon2: numpy.float64 :param lat2: latitude of the second set of locations :type lat2: numpy.float64 :keyword radians: states if locations are given in terms of radians :type radians: bool :keyword earth_rad: radius of the earth in km :type earth_rad: float :returns: geographical distance in km :rtype: numpy.ndarray """ if radians is False: cfact = np.pi / 180. lon1 = cfact * lon1 lat1 = cfact * lat1 lon2 = cfact * lon2 lat2 = cfact * lat2 # Number of locations in each set of points if not np.shape(lon1): nlocs1 = 1 lon1 = np.array([lon1]) lat1 = np.array([lat1]) else: nlocs1 = np.max(np.shape(lon1)) if not np.shape(lon2): nlocs2 = 1 lon2 = np.array([lon2]) lat2 = np.array([lat2]) else: nlocs2 = np.max(np.shape(lon2)) # Pre-allocate array distance = np.zeros((nlocs1, nlocs2)) i = 0 while i < nlocs2: # Perform distance calculation dlat = lat1 - lat2[i] dlon = lon1 - lon2[i] aval = ((np.sin(dlat / 2.) ** 2.) + (np.cos(lat1) * np.cos(lat2[i]) * (np.sin(dlon / 2.) ** 2.))) distance[:, i] = (2. * earth_rad * np.arctan2(np.sqrt(aval), np.sqrt(1 - aval))).T i += 1 return distance
[docs] def greg2julian(year, month, day, hour, minute, second): """ Function to convert a date from Gregorian to Julian format :param year: Year of events (integer numpy.ndarray) :param month: Month of events (integer numpy.ndarray) :param day: Days of event (integer numpy.ndarray) :param hour: Hour of event (integer numpy.ndarray) :param minute: Minute of event (integer numpy.ndarray) :param second: Second of event (float numpy.ndarray) :returns julian_time: Julian representation of the time (as float numpy.ndarray) """ year = year.astype(float) month = month.astype(float) day = day.astype(float) timeut = hour.astype(float) + (minute.astype(float) / 60.0) + \ (second / 3600.0) julian_time = ((367.0 * year) - np.floor(7.0 * (year + np.floor((month + 9.0) / 12.0)) / 4.0) - np.floor(3.0 * (np.floor((year + (month - 9.0) / 7.0) / 100.0) + 1.0) / 4.0) + np.floor((275.0 * month) / 9.0) + day + 1721028.5 + (timeut / 24.0)) return julian_time
def _set_string(value): """ Turns a number into a string prepended with + or - depending on whether the number if positive or negative. """ if value >= 0.0: return f"+ {value:.3f}" else: return f"- {value:.3f}" def _to_latex(string): """ For a string given in the form XX(YYYY) returns the LaTeX string to place bracketed contents as a subscript :param """ lb = string.find("(") ub = string.find(")") return "$" + string[:lb] + ("_{%s}$" % string[lb+1:ub])
[docs] def piecewise_linear_scalar(params, xval): '''Piecewise linear function for a scalar variable xval (float). :param params: Piecewise linear parameters (numpy.ndarray) in the following form: [slope_i,... slope_n, turning_point_i, ..., turning_point_n, intercept] Length params === 2 * number_segments, e.g. [slope_1, slope_2, slope_3, turning_point1, turning_point_2, intercept] :param xval: Value for evaluation of function (float) :returns: Piecewise linear function evaluated at point xval (float) ''' n_params = len(params) if math.fabs(float(n_params / 2) - float(n_params) / 2.) > 1E-7: raise ValueError( 'Piecewise Function requires 2 * nsegments parameters') n_seg = n_params / 2 if n_seg == 1: return params[1] + params[0] * xval gradients = params[0:n_seg] turning_points = params[n_seg: -1] c_val = np.array([params[-1]]) for iloc in range(1, n_seg): c_val = np.hstack([c_val, (c_val[iloc - 1] + gradients[iloc - 1] * turning_points[iloc - 1]) - (gradients[iloc] * turning_points[iloc - 1])]) if xval <= turning_points[0]: return gradients[0] * xval + c_val[0] elif xval > turning_points[-1]: return gradients[-1] * xval + c_val[-1] else: select = np.nonzero(turning_points <= xval)[0][-1] + 1 return gradients[select] * xval + c_val[select]
[docs] def polynomial(params, xval): """ Returns the polynomial f(xval) where the order is defined by the number of params, i.e. yval = \\SUM_{i=1}^{Num Params} params[i] * (xval ** i - 1) """ yval = np.zeros_like(xval) for iloc, param in enumerate(params): yval += (param * (xval ** float(iloc))) return yval
[docs] def exponential(params, xval): """ Returns an exponential function """ assert len(params) == 3 return np.exp(params[0] + params[1] * xval) + params[2]
[docs] def build_filename(filename, filetype='png', resolution=300): """ Uses the input properties to create the string of the filename :param str filename: Name of the file :param str filetype: Type of file :param int resolution: DPI resolution of the output figure """ filevals = os.path.splitext(filename) if filevals[1]: filetype = filevals[1][1:] if not filetype: filetype = 'png' filename = filevals[0] + '.' + filetype if not resolution: resolution = 300 return filename, filetype, resolution
def _save_image(filename, filetype='png', resolution=300): """ If filename is specified, saves the image :param str filename: Name of the file :param str filetype: Type of file :param int resolution: DPI resolution of the output figure """ if filename: filename, filetype, resolution = build_filename(filename, filetype, resolution) plt.savefig(filename, dpi=resolution, format=filetype, bbox_inches="tight") else: pass return def _save_image_tight(fig, lgd, filename, filetype='png', resolution=300): """ If filename is specified, saves the image :param str filename: Name of the file where to save the figure :param str filetype: Type of file :param int resolution: DPI resolution of the output figure """ if filename: filename, filetype, resolution = build_filename(filename, filetype, resolution) fig.savefig(filename, bbox_extra_artists=(lgd,), bbox_inches="tight", dpi=resolution, format=filetype) else: pass return AGEN_CODES = { "USPetal": {"name": "Brazilian catalogue - version 2014 ", "alias": "BSB", "country": "Brasil" }, "GSS": {"name": "Dewey and Spence (1979) -from CERESIS catalogue ", "alias": "", "country": "Peru" }, "G-R": {"name": "Gutenberg and Richter-Seismicity of the Earth - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Worldwide" }, "HYPO": {"name": "Instituto Geofisico de los Andes (Hypo71)-from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Colombia", }, "PSA": {"name": "Instituto Nacional de Prevencion Sismica, INPRES", "alias": "", "country": "Argentina" }, "ANSS": {"name": "Advanced National Seismic System, NEIC", "alias": "NEIC", "country": "U.S.A." }, "LSP": {"name": "W.Lescano, J.Shikiya, P. Huaco - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all events are near or within Peru" }, "NEI": {"name": "National Earthquake Information Center", "alias": "NEIC", "country": "U.S.A." }, "ESB": {"name": "Observatório Sismológico da Universidade de Brasília", "alias": "BDF", "country": "Brazil" }, "BCI": {"name": "Bureau Central International de Sismologie", "alias": "BCIS", "country": "France" }, "JLL": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Trinidad-Tobago" }, "DEW": {"name": "Dewey (1972) - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Venezuela" }, "SYK": {"name": "Sykes and Edwing (1965) - Caribbean", "alias": "", "country": "Caribbean" }, "IPT": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near of within Brazil" }, "IGA": {"name": "Instituto Geofisico de los Andes - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all events are near of within Colombia" }, "IGF": {"name": "Instituto Astronomico e Geofísico- from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "USP", "country": "Brazil" }, "NAT": {"name": "Natal seismological WWNSS station - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Brazil" }, "IGP": {"name": "Instituto Geofísico- from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Peru" }, "IGO": {"name": "Instituto Geofisico (Ocola info)- from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Peru" }, "JAK": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Ecuador" }, "OAE": {"name": "Observatorio Astronomico de Quito", "alias": "", "country": "Ecuador" }, "RAM": {"name": "Ramirez (1975) - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Colombia" }, "ESP": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Colombia" }, "EPN": {"name": "Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Ecuador" }, "EGR": {"name": "Egred (1968) - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Ecuador" }, "URN": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Brazil" }, "EDR": {"name": "National Earthquake Information Service - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "NEIC, NEIS", "country": "U.S.A." }, "IGE": {"name": "Instituto Geofisico de los Andes", "alias": "", "country": "Colombia" }, "JBG": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Bolivia" }, "FIE": {"name": "Fiedler (1961-1972) - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Venezuela" }, "OSS": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Ecuador" }, "LCO": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "isc_cod": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Peru" }, "OSO": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Ecuador" }, "ABE": {"name": "Unknown, may be ABE studies - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Ecuador" }, "LSG": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "all the reported events are near or within Ecuador" }, "GC": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "GRA": {"name": "Grases (1975) - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Venezuela" }, "WCA": {"name": "Woodward-Clyde(1969) - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Worldwide" }, "CEN": {"name": "Centeno-Grau (1969) - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Venezuela" }, "IAC": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "IGH": {"name": "Instituto Geofisico de Peru - Huaco info - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "Peru" }, "DNA": {"name": "Unknown, may be DNAG (Engdahl&Rinehart,1991) - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "USE": {"name": "Unknown - from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "USG": {"name" : "United States Geological Survey-from CERESIS catalogue", "alias": "USGS", "country": "U.S.A." }, # TODO - organize the previous CERESIS Agencies/Catalogues "AAA": {"name" : "Alma-ata", "alias": "", "country": "Kazakhstan" }, "AAB": {"name" : "Alma-ata 2", "alias": "", "country": "Kazakhstan" }, "AAC": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "AAE": {"name" : "University of Addis Ababa", "alias": "", "country": "Ethiopia" }, "AAM": {"name" : "University of Michigan", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "ABA": {"name" : "Alger-bouzareah", "alias": "ALG", "country": "Algeria" }, "ABE": {"name": "Abe (1981, 1984)-Abe&Noguchi (1983a,b)", "alias": "", "country": "Worldwide" }, "ACI": {"name" : "Universita di Calabria", "alias": "", "country": "Italy" }, "ADE": {"name" : "Primary Industries and Resources SA", "alias": "", "country": "Australia" }, "ADH": {"name" : "Observatorio Afonso Chaves", "alias": "", "country": "Portugal" }, "AEIC": {"name" : "Alaska Earthquake Information Center", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "AFAR": {"name" : "The Afar Depression: Interpretation of the 1960-2000 Earthquakes", "alias": "", "country": "Israel" }, "AFI": {"name" : "Apia Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Western Samoa" }, "AGS": {"name" : "Alaska Seismic Project", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "ALG": {"name" : "Algiers University", "alias": "", "country": "Algeria" }, "ALI": {"name" : "Observatorio Sismologico Vicente Inglada", "alias": "", "country": "Spain" }, "ALM": {"name" : "Instituto Geografico y Catastral de Almeria", "alias": "", "country": "Spain" }, "ANCORP": {"name" : "Andean Continental Research Project", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "ANF": {"name" : "USArray Array Network Facility", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "ANT": {"name" : "Antofagasta", "alias": "GUC", "country": "Chile" }, "ANUBIS": {"name" : "Antarctic Network of Broadband Seismometers", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "APA": {"name" : "Apatity", "alias": "", "country": "Russia" }, "API": {"name" : "Apia Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Western Samoa" }, "APT": {"name" : "University of Connecticut", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "AQU": {"name" : "L'Aquila", "alias": "", "country": "Italy" }, "ARA0": {"name" : "Arcess Array", "alias": "", "country": "Norway" }, "ARE": {"name" : "Instituto Geofisico del Peru", "alias": "", "country": "Peru" }, "ARO": {"name" : "Observatoire Geophysique d'Arta", "alias": "", "country": "Djibouti" }, "ASIES": {"name" : "Institute of Earth Sciences - Academia Sinica", "alias": "", "country": "Chinese Taipei" }, "ASL": {"name" : "Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "ASM": {"name" : "University of Asmara", "alias": "", "country": "Eritrea" }, "ASRS": {"name" : "Altai-Sayan Seismological Centre - GS SB RAS", "alias": "", "country": "Russia" }, "ATA": {"name" : "The Earthquake Research Center Ataturk University", "alias": "", "country": "Turkey" }, "ATH": {"name" : "National Observatory of Athens", "alias": "", "country": "Greece" }, "AUST": {"name" : "Geoscience Australia", "alias": "", "country": "Australia" }, "AVE": {"name" : "Averroes", "alias": "", "country": "Morocco" }, "AWI": {"name" : "Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "AZER": {"name" : "Republic Center of Seismic Survey", "alias": "", "country": "Azerbaijan" }, "AZO": {"name" : "Centro de Informao e Vigilancia Sismovulcanica dos Azores", "alias": "", "country": "Portugal" }, "BAA": {"name" : "Servicio Meteorologico Nacional", "alias": "", "country": "Argentina" }, "BAK": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "BANJO": {"name" : "Broadband ANdean JOint Experiment", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "BASV": {"name" : "British Antarctic Survey", "alias": "", "country": "United Kingdom" }, "BCIS": {"name" : "Bureau Central International de Sismologie", "alias": "", "country": "France" }, "BCI": {"name": "Bureau Central International de Sismologie - in CERESIS catalogue ", "alias": "BCIS", "country": "France" }, "B&D": {"name" : "Bath and Duda (1979).", "alias": "", "country": "Worldwide" }, "BDF": {"name" : "Observatorio Sismologico da Universidade de Brasilia", "alias": "", "country": "Brazil" }, "BELR": {"name" : "Centre of Geophysical Monitoring", "alias": "", "country": "Belarus" }, "BEO": {"name" : "Seismological Survey of Serbia", "alias": "", "country": "Serbia" }, "BER": {"name" : "University of Bergen", "alias": "", "country": "Norway" }, "BERK": {"name" : "Berkheimer H", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "BGLD": {"name" : "Geophysikalisches Observatorium der Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "BGR": {"name" : "Bundesanstalt for Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "BGS": {"name" : "British Geological Survey", "alias": "", "country": "United Kingdom" }, "BHP": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "BHUJ": {"name" : "Bhuj Aftershock Study", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "BHUJ2": {"name" : "Study of Aftershocks of the Bhuj Earthquake by Japanese Research Team", "alias": "", "country": "Japan" }, "BIAK": {"name" : "Biak earthquake aftershocks (17-Feb-1996)", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "BJI": {"name" : "China Earthquake Networks Center", "alias": "", "country": "China" }, "BJT": {"name" : "Baijiatuan", "alias": "", "country": "China" }, "BKK": {"name" : "Thai Meteorological Department", "alias": "", "country": "Thailand" }, "BLA": {"name" : "Virginia Tech", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "BNG": {"name" : "Observatoire ORSTOM de Bangui", "alias": "", "country": "Central African Republic" }, "BNS": {"name" : "Erdbebenstation Geologisches Institut der Universitat Kol", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "BOG": {"name" : "Universidad Javeriana", "alias": "", "country": "Colombia" }, "BOM": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "BOU": {"name" : "University of Colorado at Boulder", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "BOZ": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "BRA": {"name" : "Geophysical Institute - Slovak Academy of Sciences", "alias": "", "country": "Slovakia" }, "BRG": {"name" : "Seismological Observatory Berggieehebel - TU Bergakademie Freiberg", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "BRK": {"name" : "Berkeley Seismological Laboratory", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "BRS": {"name" : "Brisbane Seismograph Station", "alias": "", "country": "Australia" }, "BSB": {"name" : "Brazilian Seismic Bulletin", "alias": "", "country": "Brazil" }, "BSE": {"name" : "Boise State University", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "BUC": {"name" : "National Institute for Earth Physics", "alias": "", "country": "Romania" }, "BUD": {"name" : "Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute", "alias": "", "country": "Hungary" }, "BUG": {"name" : "Institute of Geology - Mineralogy & Geophysics", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "BUL": {"name" : "Goetz Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Zimbabwe" }, "BUT": {"name" : "Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "BYKL": {"name" : "Baykal Regional Seismological Centre - GS SB RAS", "alias": "", "country": "Russia" }, "CADCG": {"name" : "Central America Data Centre", "alias": "CASC", "country": "Costa Rica" }, "CAN": {"name" : "Australian National University", "alias": "", "country": "Australia" }, "CANSK": {"name" : "Canadian and Scandinavian Networks", "alias": "HFS", "country": "Sweden" }, "CAR": {"name" : "Instituto Sismologico de Caracas", "alias": "", "country": "Venezuela" }, "CASC": {"name" : "Central American Seismic Center", "alias": "", "country": "Costa Rica" }, "CDWR": {"name" : "California Department of Water Resources", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "CENT": {"name" : "Centennial Earthquake Catalog", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "CERI": {"name" : "Center for Earthquake Research and Information", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "CGS": {"name" : "Coast and Geodetic Survey of the United States", "alias": "NEIS", "country": "U.S.A." }, "CHM": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "CHU": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "CIG": {"name" : "Servicio Geologico Nacional de El Salvador", "alias": "", "country": "El Salvador" }, "CINCA": {"name" : "Crustal Investigations Off- and On-shore Nazca - Central Andes", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "CLL": {"name" : "Geophysikalisches Observatorium Collm", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "CMWS": {"name" : "Laboratory of Seismic Monitoring of Caucasus Mineral Water Region - GSRAS", "alias": "", "country": "Russia" }, "CNG": {"name" : "Seismographic Station Changalane", "alias": "", "country": "Mozambique" }, "CNH": {"name" : "Changchun", "alias": "BJI", "country": "China" }, "CNRM": {"name" : "Centre National de Recherche", "alias": "", "country": "Morocco" }, "COI": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "COM": {"name" : "Comitan", "alias": "TAC", "country": "Mexico" }, "CON": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "COP": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "COR": {"name" : "COAS Physical Oceanography", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "COSMOS": {"name" : "Consortium of Organizations for Strong Motion Observations", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "CRA": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "CRAAG": {"name" : "Centre de Recherche en Astronomie - 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Oberstdorf", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "OBM": {"name" : "Research Centre of Astronomy and Geophysics", "alias": "", "country": "Mongolia" }, "OGA": {"name" : "Geophysikalisches Observatorium - Obergurgl/A", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "OGSO": {"name" : "Ohio Geological Survey", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "OMAN": {"name" : "Sultan Qaboos University", "alias": "", "country": "Oman" }, "ORF": {"name" : "Orfeus Data Center", "alias": "", "country": "Netherlands" }, "OSA": {"name" : "Osa Peninsula Project - Costa Rica", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "OSC": {"name" : "Observatorio San Calixto", "alias": "LPZ", "country": "Bolivia" }, "OSS_ISC": {"name" : "Ova Spin", "alias": "", "country": "Switzerland" }, "OSUB": {"name" : "Osservatorio Sismologico Universita di Bari", "alias": "", "country": "Italy" }, "OTT": {"name" : "Canadian Hazards Information Service - Natural Resources Canada", "alias": "", "country": "Canada" }, "OXD": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "PAL": {"name" : "Palisades", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PANAMA97": {"name" : "Panama Canal Seismicity Study", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PAS": {"name" : "California Institute of Technology", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PAV": {"name" : "Pavia", "alias": "ROM", "country": "Italy" }, "PDA": {"name" : "Universidade dos Azores", "alias": "", "country": "Portugal" }, "PDE": {"name" : "Preliminary Determination of Epicentres", "alias": "NEIC", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PDEW": {"name": "Preliminary Determination of Epicentres - Weekly", "alias": "PDE", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PDEQ": {"name": "Preliminary Determination of Epicentres - Quick", "alias": "PDE", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PDG": {"name" : "Seismological Institute of Montenegro", "alias": "", "country": "Montenegro" }, "PEK": {"name" : "Peking", "alias": "BJI", "country": "China" }, "PFO": {"name" : "Pinyon Flat Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PGC": {"name" : "Pacific Geoscience Centre", "alias": "", "country": "Canada" }, "PIN": {"name" : "Pinedale Seismic Array", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PISCO": {"name" : "Proyecto de Investigacion Sismologica de la Cordillera Occidental", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "PIST": {"name" : "P. Stahl", "alias": "", "country": "France" }, "PIT": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "PLV": {"name" : "National Center for Scientific Research", "alias": "", "country": "Vietnam" }, "PMEL": {"name" : "Pacific seismicity from hydrophones", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PMG": {"name" : "Port Moresby Geophysical Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Papua New Guinea" }, "PMR": {"name" : "Alaska Tsunami Warning Center", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PNG": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "PNNL": {"name" : "Pacific Northwest National Laboratory", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PNSN": {"name" : "Pacific Northwest Seismic Network", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "POO": {"name" : "Poona Observatory", "alias": "NDI", "country": "India" }, "PPT": {"name" : "Laboratoire de Geophysique/CEA", "alias": "", "country": "French Polynesia" }, "PRA": {"name" : "Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic", "alias": "", "country": "Czech Republic" }, "PRE": {"name" : "Council for Geoscience", "alias": "", "country": "South Africa" }, "PRT": {"name" : "Observatorio San Domenico", "alias": "", "country": "Italy" }, "PRU": {"name" : "Geophysical Institute - Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic", "alias": "", "country": "Czech Republic" }, "P&S": {"name" : "Pacheco and Sykes (1992)", "alias": "", "country": "Worldwide" }, "PTO": {"name" : "Instituto Geofisico da Universidade do Porto", "alias": "", "country": "Portugal" }, "PTWC": {"name" : "Pacific Tsunami Warning Center", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "PUL": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "PUNA": {"name" : "Puna Plateau - Argentina and Northern Chile Experiment", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "PUS": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "PYA": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "QCP": {"name" : "Manila Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Philippines" }, "QDM": {"name" : "Queensland Department of Mines", "alias": "", "country": "Australia" }, "QUE": {"name" : "Pakistan Meteorological Department", "alias": "", "country": "Pakistan" }, "QUI": {"name" : "Escuela Politecnica Nacional", "alias": "", "country": "Ecuador" }, "RAB": {"name" : "Rabaul Volcanological Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Papua New Guinea" }, "RBA": {"name" : "Universita Mohammed V", "alias": "", "country": "Morocco" }, "RDP": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "REN": {"name" : "MacKay School of Mines", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "REB": {"name": "Unknown Agency - from GCMT catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "from GCMT catalogue" }, "REY": {"name" : "Icelandic Meteorological Office", "alias": "", "country": "Iceland" }, "RIPT": {"name" : "Research Inst. of Pulse Technique", "alias": "", "country": "Russia" }, "RISSC": {"name" : "Laboratory of Research on Experimental and Computational Seimology", "alias": "", "country": "Italy" }, "RIV": {"name" : "Riverview Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Australia" }, "RJOB": {"name" : "Geophysikalisches Observatorium - Jochberg", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "RMIT": {"name" : "Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology", "alias": "", "country": "Australia" }, "RNON": {"name" : "Geophysikalisches Observatorium - Staufen-Nonn", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "ROC": {"name" : "Odenbach Seismic Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "ROM": {"name" : "Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia", "alias": "", "country": "Italy" }, "ROTZ": {"name" : "Geophysikalisches Observatorium - Rotzenmuhle", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "RRLJ": {"name" : "Regional Research Laboratory Jorhat", "alias": "", "country": "India" }, "RSMAC": {"name" : "Red Sismica Mexicana de Apertura Continental", "alias": "", "country": "Mexico" }, "RSNC": {"name" : "Red Sismologica Nacional de Colombia", "alias": "", "country": "Colombia" }, "RSPR": {"name" : "Red Sismica de Puerto Rico", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "RYD": {"name" : "King Saud University", "alias": "", "country": "Saudi Arabia" }, "SAN": {"name" : "Santiago", "alias": "GUC", "country": "Chile" }, "SAPSE": {"name" : "Southern Alps Passive Seismic Experiment", "alias": "", "country": "New Zealand" }, "SAR": {"name" : "Sarajevo Seismological Station", "alias": "", "country": "Bosnia and Herzegovina" }, "SCB": {"name" : "Observatorio San Calixto", "alias": "", "country": "Bolivia" }, "SCE": {"name" : "Geophysikalisches Observatorium - Schlegeis/Austria", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "SCEDC": {"name" : "Southern California Earthquake Data Center", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SDD": {"name" : "Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo", "alias": "", "country": "Dominican Republic" }, "SEA": {"name" : "Geophysics Program AK-50", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SEDA": {"name" : "Seismic Exploration of the Deep Altiplano", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SEPA": {"name" : "Seismic Experiment in Patagonia and Antarctica", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SET": {"name" : "Setif Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Algeria" }, "SFS": {"name" : "Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada", "alias": "", "country": "Spain" }, "SGS": {"name" : "Saudi Geological Survey", "alias": "", "country": "Saudi Arabia" }, "SHI": {"name" : "Shiraz Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Iran" }, "SHL": {"name" : "Central Seismological Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "India" }, "SIGU": {"name" : "Subbotin Institute of Geophysics - National Academy of Sciences", "alias": "", "country": "Ukraine" }, "SIK": {"name" : "Seismic Institute of Kosovo", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "SIO": {"name" : "Scripps Institution of Oceanography", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SJA": {"name" : "Instituto Nacional de Prevencion Sismica", "alias": "", "country": "Argentina" }, "SJP": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "SJS": {"name" : "Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad", "alias": "", "country": "Costa Rica" }, "SKHL": {"name" : "Sakhalin Experimental and Methodological Seismological Expedition - GS RAS", "alias": "", "country": "Russia" }, "SKL": {"name" : "Sakhalin Complex Scientific Research Institute", "alias": "", "country": "Russia" }, "SKO": {"name" : "Seismological Observatory Skopje", "alias": "", "country": "FYR Macedonia" }, "SLC": {"name" : "Salt Lake City", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SLM": {"name" : "Saint Louis University", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SMI": {"name" : "Smithsonian Institution", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SNET": {"name" : "Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales", "alias": "", "country": "El Salvador" }, "SNM": {"name" : "New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SNSN": {"name" : "Saudi National Seismic Network", "alias": "", "country": "Saudi Arabia" }, "SOC": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "SOD": {"name" : "Sodankyla Seismological Station", "alias": "HEL", "country": "Finland" }, "SOF": {"name" : "Geophysical Institute - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences", "alias": "", "country": "Bulgaria" }, "SOME": {"name" : "Seismological Experimental Methodological Expedition", "alias": "", "country": "Kazakhstan" }, "SPA": {"name" : "USGS - South Pole", "alias": "", "country": "Antarctica" }, "SPASE": {"name" : "Southwest Pacific Seismic Experiment", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SPC": {"name" : "Skalnate-Pleso Seismological Station", "alias": "BRA", "country": "Slovakia" }, "SPGM": {"name" : "Service de Physique du Globe", "alias": "RBA", "country": "Morocco" }, "SPITAK": {"name" : "", "alias": "", "country": "Armenia" }, "SRI": {"name" : "Stanford Research Institute", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SSN": {"name" : "Sudan Seismic Network", "alias": "", "country": "Sudan" }, "SSNC": {"name" : "Servicio Sismologico Nacional Cubano", "alias": "", "country": "Cuba" }, "SSS": {"name" : "Centro de Estudios y Investigaciones Geotecnicas del San Salvador", "alias": "", "country": "El Salvador" }, "STK": {"name" : "Stockholm Seismological Station", "alias": "HFS", "country": "Sweden" }, "STL": {"name" : "Santa Lucia Seismological Station - CERESIS", "alias": "GUC", "country": "Chile" }, "STR": {"name" : "Institut de Physique du Globe", "alias": "", "country": "France" }, "STU": {"name" : "Stuttgart Seismological Station", "alias": "LEDBW", "country": "Germany" }, "SUC": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "SUS": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "SVA": {"name" : "Department of Mineral Resources", "alias": "", "country": "Fiji" }, "SVE": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "SVSA": {"name" : "Sistema de Vigilancia Sismologica dos Azores", "alias": "", "country": "Portugal" }, "SWE": {"name" : "", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "SWEQ": {"name": "Ekstrom (2006)-SurfaceWaveLocation", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "SYKES": {"name" : "Sykes Catalogue of earthquakes 1950 onwards", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "SYO": {"name" : "National Institute of Polar Research", "alias": "", "country": "Japan" }, "SZGRF": {"name" : "Seismologisches Zentralobservatorium Grofenberg", "alias": "", "country": "Germany" }, "TAB": {"name" : "Tabriz Seismological Observatory", "alias": "", "country": "Iran" }, "TAC": {"name" : "Estacion Central de Tacubaya", "alias": "", "country": "Mexico" }, "TAN": {"name" : "Antananarivo", "alias": "", "country": "Madagascar" }, "TANZANIA": {"name" : "Tanzania Broadband Seismic Experiment", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "TAP": {"name" : "CWB", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "TAS": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "TAU": {"name" : "University of Tasmania", "alias": "", "country": "Australia" }, "TEH": {"name" : "Tehran University", "alias": "", "country": "Iran" }, "TEIC": {"name" : "Center for Earthquake Research and Information", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "THE": {"name" : "Department of Geophysics - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "alias": "", "country": "Greece" }, "THR": {"name" : "International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES)", "alias": "", "country": "Iran" }, "TIENSHAN": {"name" : "Tien Shan Continental Dynamics", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "TIF": {"name" : "Seismic Monitoring Centre of Georgia", "alias": "", "country": "Georgia" }, "TIR": {"name" : "The Institute of Seismology - Academy of Sciences of Albania", "alias": "", "country": "Albania" }, "TOK": {"name" : "Tokyo Observatory", "alias": "JMA", "country": "Japan" }, "TOL": {"name" : "Toledo Observatory", "alias": "MDD", "country": "Spain" }, "TRI": {"name" : "Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS)", "alias": "", "country": "Italy" }, "TRN": {"name" : "University of the West Indies", "alias": "", "country": "Trinidad and Tobago" }, "TTG": {"name" : "Titograd Seismological Station", "alias": "PDG", "country": "Montenegro" }, "TUC": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "TUL": {"name" : "Oklahoma Geological Survey", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "TUN": {"name" : "Institut National de la Metorologie", "alias": "", "country": "Tunisia" }, "TVA": {"name" : "Tennessee Valley Authority", "alias": "", "country": "U.S.A." }, "TZN": {"name" : "University of Dar Es Salaam", "alias": "", "country": "Tanzania" }, "UAV": {"name" : "Red Sismologica de Los Andes Venezolanos", "alias": "", "country": "Venezuela" }, "UCC": {"name" : "Royal Observatory of Belgium", "alias": "", "country": "Belgium" }, "UCR": {"name" : "Universidad de Costa Rica", "alias": "", "country": "Costa Rica" }, "UGN": {"name" : "Institute of Geonics AS CR", "alias": "", "country": "Czech Republic" }, "ULE": {"name" : "University of Leeds", "alias": "", "country": "United Kingdom" }, "UNAH": {"name" : "Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras", "alias": "", "country": "Honduras" }, "UNK": {"name" : "Unknown source", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "UNKOWN": {"name" : "Unknown source", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "UPA": {"name" : "Universidad de Panama", "alias": "", "country": "Panama" }, "UPP": {"name" : "University of Uppsala", "alias": "", "country": "Sweden" }, "UPSL": {"name" : "University of Patras - 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GS SB RAS", "alias": "", "country": "Russia" }, "ZAG": {"name" : "Seismological Survey of the Republic of Croatia", "alias": "", "country": "Croatia" }, "ZKW": {"name" : "Unknown Historical Agency", "alias": "", "country": "" }, "ZON": {"name" : "Universidad Nacional de San Juan", "alias": "", "country": "Argentina" }, "ZSC": {"name" : "Zose Seismological Station", "alias": "BJI", "country": "China" }, "ZUR": {"name" : "Swiss Seismological Sevice (SED)", "alias": "", "country": "Switzerland" }, "ZUR_RMT": {"name" : "Zurich Moment Tensors", "alias": "", "country": "Switzerland" }, "----": {"name" : "Unknown Agency from CENTENNIAL catalogue", "alias": "", "country": "" } }